How to teach a dog to Stay

How to teach a dog to Stay How to teach a dog to Stay Training a dog involves the positive strengths and encouragement. To train a dog to stay when commanded is a useful advantage in many situations. It requires proper time, patience and determination though it is a simple process. This type of behavior of the dog is beneficial to the dogs owner. When the dog gets over excited or does not behave properly, then the owner can settle his dog by commanding him to stay. Effective training can be provided to the dog in a calm and quiet location so that the dog can concentrate on the owners training without any distraction. Do not try to train your dog when he is in the excited mood. The first thing to start with the training is to make your dog sit and get its attention towards you. Do not provide any reward to the dog before the training. Once the dog is seated in front of you, just say the word stay. After sometime, move to the side of the dog and behind the dog but do not move away from your dog. If your dog does not move then offer him a treat. You can try to go a bit away from the dog. But, he gets up from his place and moves around you, then place him in the original location and command him to sit. Repeat this process until the dog gets seated in his position even if you move away from him. In the initial stage, let your dog sit only for 15 to 20 minutes. Once the dog continues to sit and stay at the same place even if you are moving, then proceed further to the next step. Now start increasing the distance from the dog. Instruct the dog to sit at the same place as before and you try to move some yards away from your dog. Reward the dog as before if he does not move from its position. Start increasing the time as the dog understands the command to stay. Train your dog in such a way that he will remain in the seated position without a move when you are out of that room for some time. Here are some additional tips with basic techniques to successfully train a dog to stay. During the training session of a dog, you should remain generous in treating your dog as well as in giving the rewards. Try to keep the sessions of small duration at least in the beginning. You can take several sessions in a day of 10-15 minutes. Instruct your dog by making it as a game. The dog cannot immediately understand your commands. So, if it does not perform up to your mark, then instead of punishing him, just do not reward him. Remember that not to provide any kind of training when the dog is in dangerous situation or any bad circumstances. Try to get him out of that situation and make him feel relax by diverting his mind in playing his favorite games.

Formation Processes of Silicon Carbide

Formation Processes of Silicon Carbide Effect of silicon carbide dispersion on the microwave absorbing properties of silicon carbide-epoxy composites in 2–40 GHz Yaw-Shun Hong, Tzu-Hao Ting, Chih-Chia Chiang, Ken-Fa Cheng Abstract Wide-band, strong absorption with low density and thin matching thickness are essential for electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this study, silicon carbide powders were successfully synthesized by the method of preheating combustion synthesis in nitrogen atmosphere and introduced into epoxy resin to be microwave absorber. The spectroscopic characterization of the formation processes of silicon carbide was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorbing properties of the silicon carbide and thermal plastic resin were investigated by measuring reflection loss in the 2-18 and 18-40 GHz microwave frequency range using the free space method. It was found that the composite specimens of the silicon carbide and thermal plastic resin had the best microwave absorption due to the reflection losses between from -10 to -19.5 dB and from -3 to -9.1 dB at frequencies between 2-18 and 18-40 GHz. Keywords: Microwave absorption; Silicon carbide; X-ray diffraction; Scanning electron microscopy 1. Introduction During the past a few decades, the development of new microwave absorbing composites is being encouraged because these materials achieve better efficient ways for reducing the level of electromagnetic wave pollution generated by electronic and telecommunication systems. Recently many applications have been carried out on the microwave technology in the frequency range of 2–40 GHz [1-3]. To reduce the radar signature, many types of electromagnetic (EM) wave-absorbing materials have been designed to meet the requirements of both commercial and military affairs. The materials used as electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials can be classified as magnetic, dielectric or a hybrid, respectively. Actually, these classifications are based on the mechanism of the wave-material interaction, which varies based on the types of absorber centres used. Ideal microwave absorber should exhibit low-reflecting properties, strong reflection loss in broad bandwidth, low density and small thickness to facilitate their applications in many fields [4, 5]. As we know, the composite materials generally represent the natural interface between two worlds of chemistry each with very significant contributions to components interact at a molecular level. Dielectric polymer-matrix materials can include two different compounds with complementary properties in a single material and can be combine to reinforce or modify each other in specific applications. Extensive studies have been carried out to develop new and highly efficient absorbents, and various absorbers (such as conductive metal powder, ferrites, carbon products, chiral materials, synthetic organic fibres, etc.) have been isolated or synthesised [6-9]. However, in these materials, most absorbers like traditional ferrite powders and carbon series are unable to be employed at higher temperatures due to lower Curie temperatures and oxidation problem, respectively [10-14]. It is becoming very urgent to look for new microwave absorbers making electromagnetic wave disappearance by interfere nce, or satisfying the requirements of higher structural strength and temperature resistances in higher temperature environments. Due to their physical and electronic properties, Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important carbide, studied as a structural ceramic for a long time and has attractive properties, such as excellent strength and chemical resistance at high temperatures, semi-conductivity, high thermal stability and thermal conductivity, make it an attractive material in high-temperature structural, electric and functional applications [15-20]. On the other hand, Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the preferred and best characterised filler materials and is used in combination with polymers in military or civilian products [20-23]. Meanwhile, to the best of our knowledge, there are very few reported experimental results on the electromagnetic wave adsorption of silicon carbide between 2–18 and 18–40 GHz. Here, we present the microwave absorbing properties of the silicon carbide reinforced epoxy resin composites tested at 2–18 and 18–40 GHz using arch method, which was chosen to validate the absorbing efficiency of microwave absorbing material [24, 25]. The NRL (Naval Research Laboratory) arch free-space measurement method is a well-established measurement system for validating the absorbing efficiency of flat materials over broad frequency ranges. The NRL arch was widely used initially by the U.S. Navy for research testing purposes, and is a microwave measurement system that can measure the free space radar reflection coefficient. The reflection loss diagram showed that the powder silicon carbide-epoxy resin with 30-50 by weight ratio of silicon carbide to polymer is a good candidate material for use as a broad frequency microwave absorber. The NRL Arch is the industry standard for measuring the free space radar reflection coefficient of flat radar absorbing materials (RAM). It was first developed by the U.S. Naval Research Lab, the NRL. The NRL Arch is a wellestablished, freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ space measurement system for testing the absorbing efficiency of flat materials over broad frequency ranges. It was originally designed at the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in 1945 for measuring angularà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dependent performance of broadband Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM). 2. Experimental 2.1 Preparation of silicon carbide The silicon carbide powders were synthesized by the method of preheating combustion synthesis in nitrogen atmosphere, using silicon powder (à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…“45 ÃŽ ¼m, 99.9% purity, mass fraction) and carbon black (20-40 nm, 99.9% purity) as the raw materials. The molar ratio of silicon powder and carbon black was blended in a molar ratio of Si-50% C. The mixed powders were poured into a graphite crucible and initiated by pre-heating at 1350 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C with the heating rate of 40 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C / min in a 0.1 MPa nitrogen atmosphere inside a resistance. After the synthesis process, the product was heated at temperature 850 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C for 4 h in atmosphere condition to burn the excess carbon. The final cleanup to remove Si was carried out by leaching in HF, rinsing in distilled water and drying. 2.2 Preparation of silicon carbide-epoxy composites The composite specimens were prepared by molding and curing the mixture of silicon carbide and a thermal-plastic epoxy resin to be silicon carbide-epoxy composites. The mixing ratio of specimen powders to epoxy resin was 30 %, 35 %, 40 %, 45 % and 50 % by weight and the corresponding samples are marked with S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4 and S-5, respectively. Molding was carried out in a hydraulic press at 5 Mpa pressure and 80 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C for 1.5 h, obtaining specimens of 180 mm Ãâ€" 180 mm with thickness of 2 mm for reflectivity measurements [26]. 2.3 Experimental techniques The characteristics of silicon carbide such as diameter and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy with EDX (SEM, HITACHI S-4800). The crystalline phases of the silicon carbide were analyzed by X-ray diffraction with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation. The performance test of radar absorbing was evaluated by reflectivity using Arch method. Reflectivity R is ratio of radar-absorbing material (RAM) reflective power to metallic plate reflective power, which can be expressed as: (1) Where Pa is the reflective power of the sample and Pm is the reflective power of metallic plate. In practice, we surveyed the ratio of the reflective power of the sample and the reflective power of metallic plate to the same reference signal that was in direct proportion to transmit, respectively. , (2) Where Pi is the reference signal. So (3) The Reflectivity was finally expressed with db as: (4) The schematic diagram of the experimental setup was shown in Fig. 1. The reflectivity of the samples were measured and compared with that from a plane metallic plate. Measurement was carried out using an HP8722ES network analyzer in the swept frequency range of 2–18 and 18–40 GHz. All samples were made 180 Ãâ€" 180 mm with thickness of 2 mm in order to cover the metallic plate for reflectivity measurements. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Structure characterization Figure 2 shows the scanning electron micrograph of the fresh silicon carbide. From this figure it is evident that majority of the silicon carbide particles are angular in nature. The surface composition of silicon carbide particles was distinctly determined with SEM-EDX spectrum (Fig. 2c). EDX analysis reveals that the SiC composed of the Si and C elements. The XRD pattern for the silicon carbide samples is presented in Fig. 3. From the XRD patterns, it can be easily observed that ÃŽ ²-SiC was formed by present major peaks located at 35.6 (111), 41.2 (200), 60.1 (220), 71.8 (311) and 75.1 (222), all of which are attributed to ÃŽ ²-SiC (JCPDS no. 29-1129). So the prepared product is pure ÃŽ ²-SiC powder. This result agrees well with the results obtained for ÃŽ ²-SiC prepared by the literature methods [27-30]. 3.2 Microwave absorbing properties in 2–18 GHz The different content of produced silicon carbide powders may change the impedance matching condition of microwave-absorption. Thus, as shown in Fig. 4, the reflection loss (RL) varies with filler content of the silicon carbide-epoxy composite in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It can be seen that with increasing the addition of silicon carbide and a maximum reflection loss of -19.5 dB was obtained at 7 GHz with the thickness 2.0 mm. Meanwhile, the centers of the reflection loss peaks for silicon carbide-epoxy composites move gradually to the lower frequencies (from 7 GHz to 4 GHz for S-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 composites, respectively), which may also be attributed to the enhanced silicon carbide content. These results are consistent considering that the mechanism of wave absorption is mainly due to heat dissipation effects (on the condition of same thickness) of silicon carbide satisfying the perfect absorption condition and, therefore, are strongly linked to the conductivity o f medium. Fig. 5(a) shows the three-dimensional of RL values for silicon carbide-epoxy composites in terms of volume fraction at frequencies between 2 GHz and 18 GHz. Silicon carbide-epoxy composites absorbers present the effective absorption (RL 3.3 Microwave absorbing properties in 18–40 GHz Fig. 6 shows the experimental absorption characteristics of silicon carbide-epoxy composites in terms of volume fraction at frequencies between 18.0 GHz and 40.0 GHz. The variation of matching frequency with silicon carbide volume fraction is shown in Fig. 6. As we can see, the silicon carbide-epoxy composites displayed poor microwave absorption performance. Among the silicon carbide-epoxy composites, the powder prepared using an silicon carbide content of 45 wt% (S-4) had a pronounced absorption band at 25.2 GHz with a reflection loss of -9.1 dB. The significant improvement was considered to be resulted from a better impedance matching due to the certain ratio of silicon carbide, which might be ascribed to the special structures in the silicon carbide-epoxy composites. Fig. 7 (a, b) displayed the visual three dimensional and color-filling patterns of microwave absorption values of the silicon carbide-epoxy composites with different weight ratio of the silicon carbide. Obviously, S-1, S-2, S-3 and S-5 silicon carbide-epoxy composites absorbers present weak absorption (RL 4. Conclusion In summary, we have successfully prepared the silicon carbide via combustion method in nitrogen atmosphere. XRD and SEM studies have established formation of the silicon carbide material. Experimental results indicate that the silicon carbide-epoxy composites in 2–18 GHz exhibit better absorption performances than in 18–40 GHz. The shifts of the attenuation peak in microwave absorbing properties of composites are due to increasing the content of silicon carbide in all frequency range of 2–40 GHz. It was found that the optimum reflection loss could be obtained over a broad frequency region on the silicon carbide-epoxy composites. Microwave absorbing properties can be modulated simply by controlling weight ratio of silicon carbide on the samples for the required frequency bands. Due to the reflectivity performance and easy and low cost preparation routes, the silicon carbide has a promising potential for microwave absorber. References V. M. Petrov, V. V. Gagulin, J. Inorg. Mater. 37 (2001) 93. X. L. Shi, M. S. Cao, J. Yuan, X. Y. Fang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 (2009) 163108. R. MouÄ ka, A. V. Lopatin, N. E. Kazantseva, J. VilÄ Ãƒ ¡kovà ¡, P. Sà ¡ha, J. Mater. Sci. 42 (2007) 9480. T. H. Ting, K. H. Wu, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 (2010) 2160. L. D. C. Folgueras, M. C. Rezende, Mat. Res. 11 (2008) 245. J. Cao, W. Y. Fu, H. B. Yang, Q. J. Yu, Y. Y. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. B 113 (2009) 4642. N. J. Tang, W. Zhong, C. Au, Y. Yang, M. G. Han, K. J. Lin, Y. W. Du, J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008) 19316. R. A. Stonier, SAMPE. J. 27 (1991) 9. M. A. Soto-Oviedo, O. A. Araà ºjo, R. Faez, M. C. Rezende, M. A. De Paoli, Synth. Met. 156 (2006) 1249. F. S. Wen, W. L. Zuo, H. B. Yi, N. Wang, L. Qiao, F. S. Li, Physica. B 404 (2009) 3567. L. Qiao, X. H. Han, B. Gao, J. B. Wang, F. S. Wen, F. S. Li, J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 053911. L. Zhen, Y. X. Gong, J. T. Jiang, W. Z. Shao, J. Appl. Phys. 104 (2008) 0343121. Y. J. Chen, M. S. Cao, T. H. Wang, Q. Wan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 (2004) 3367. S. M. Abbas, A. K. Dixit, R. Chatterjee, T. C. Goel, Mat. Sci. Eng. B 123 (2005) 167. V. D. Krstic, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75 (1992) 170. A. Fissel, B. Schroter, W. Richter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 3182. H. B. Jin, J. T. Li, M. S. Cao, S. Agathopoulos, Powder Technol. 196 (2009) 229. E. Mouchon, P. Colomban, J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) 323. K. S. Lim, O. Shevaleevskiy, Pure Appl. Chem. 80 (2008) 2140. B. Wang, Q. Zhao, S. C. Li, B. B. Wang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 217 (2003) 314. R. S. Meena, S. Bhattachrya, R. Chatterjee, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 (2010) 2908. D. L. Zhao, Q. Lv, Z. M. Shen, J. Alloys Compd. 480 (2009) 634. Y. Q. Kang, M. S. Cao, J. Yuan, L. Zhang, B. Wen, X. Y. Fang, J. Alloys Compd. 495 (2010) 254. D. K. Ghodgaonkar, V. V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 37 (1989) 789. E. F. Knott, J. F. Shaeffer, M. T. Tuley, Rader Cross Section, New York: Artech House, 1993, pp. 9. T. H. Ting, R. Pu. Yu, Y. N. Jau, Mater. Chem. Phys. 126 (2011) 364. C. V. Rao, S. K. Singh, B. Viswanathan, Indian J. Chem. 47 (2008) 1619. G. W. Meng, Z. Cui, L.D. Zhang, F. Phillipp, J. Cryst. Growth. 209 (2000) 801. X. L. Su, W. C. Zhou, J. Xu, Z. M, Li, F. Luo, D. M. Zhu, J. Alloys Compd. 492 (2010) L16. H. B. Jin, M. S. Cao, W. Zhou, S. Agathopoulos, Mater. Res. Bull. 45 (2010) 247.

Hamlets Insanity :: essays research papers

The question of Hamlet’s insanity is a question raised by many people, is Hamlet a great actor, or has he lost complete sense of what’s real? There is no right answer, there is no wrong answer, many readers have different perceptions on what really was going through Hamlet’s head. My perception is that hamlet comes full circle with his insanity, and at points lets it get the best of him, and brings him down to a extremely low point.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the novel that Hamlet’s spirits aren’t all there, and his soul is disturbed, by the death of his father. He seems to be looking for answers and meaning to explain the unexplainable death of his father and his mother’s abrupt marriage to his uncle, this is where I believe his insanity started. Given that this happened to anyone normal person, they’re mind would be a mess and bitterness and anger would play a huge part in their thoughts. So, yes in a way, I do believe that Hamlet was diseased with temporary insanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ghost of Hamlet’s father, was in way another brick of burden for Hamlet to carry, and did nothing but add confusion and anger to his already disturbed mind. After this I believe hamlets madness to grow, he his blinded by bitterness and anger towards his uncle so much that he loses sight compassion for life and love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet truly loved Ophelia, In my eyes, and I do believe that if his mind was not clouded with anger, he would’ve done nothing to ever harm her. Hamlet without even realizing, because of his insanity used Ophelia as a release for his anger, and eventually drove her mad. He basically tortured Ophelia without even knowing, not only by the progression of anger and rejection towards her, but also by killing her own father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The killing of Polonius, I believe to be Hamlet’s peak of insanity, the fact that he killed a man without even knowing who it was nor caring, I have to say is insanity at its best. Hamlet seems to have no perception of reality nor compassion at this point, his anger towards his uncle has completely blinded him and messed him up beyond belief. Another sign of Hamlet’s insanity is that he completely rips into his mother. There are very few people in this novel, I believe Hamlet to truly care about, but one person is definitely his own mother.

Myrtle Beach vs. New York City Essay -- compare and contrast paper

Myrtle Beach vs. New York City   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Picture a beautiful city surrounded by tall skyscrapers soaring into the clouds and the beautiful statue of liberty standing still on the water. You walk down the street passing hundreds of little shops and restaurants, all the while you are taken a back by the breathtaking beauty of the city that you are gazing upon. Now picture laying on the beach at sunset listening to the ocean waves. The air is crisp and the smell of saltwater is bitter sweet. The locations I’m describing are New York City and Myrtle Beach. I have 2500 dollars to take on vacation to one of these destinations and I am comparing and contrasting the two. I will be considering the cost of travel, food, hotel, and also activity and miscellaneous expenses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both locations offer a wide variety of fun. Shopping, sightseeing, dance clubs, and scenery are among both places. To get to New York would take about nine and a half hour’s or approximately 554 miles. My car gets about 40 miles to the gallon and gas prices are about $2.30 a gallon. I would have to fill up twice to get to New York City and twice to get back, which would cost about $120.00. If I stayed for three nights and four days, I would need to set aside another $100.00 dollar’s for gas while traveling the city. If I traveled by plane it would cost $201.00 dollars round trip if tickets were purchased on www.orbitz.com.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hotels in New York City are very costly especially near the holiday’s. After reviewing some hotels that were near Times Square, I chose to go with a three star hotel at the rate of $184.00 a night. For a total of three nights it would cost $552.00 tax included. That cost would include a room with two double beds, television, high speed internet access, a full kitchen, and a great view of Times Square.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a wide variety of restaurants in New York City. You can eat cheap at places like Arturo’s Pizzeria, McHales, Hi Life, and Zen Palate just to name a few. On the other hand you don’t want to miss out on the celebrity owned restaurant’s like Fashion Cafà ©, Planet Hollywood, Tribeca Grill, and Nobu. Since I’m going to be staying for three whole days, we’ll just say that I will eat approximately three meals a day which is a total of nine meals. If I ate four of those meals at twenty dollars or less and the other five at seventy or less, I would need approx... ...maining amount of $800.00 will be set aside for miscellaneous expenses such as extra gas money, or emergency situations’ like having a flat tire. My grand total in Myrtle Beach would also be the whole amount of $2500.00. Both, New York and Myrtle Beach are very alike in costs, but the city’s offer completely different experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Based on all the information I have obtained I now must make my decision on which one of these places I want to go. Since there really is not much of a difference in cost I am going to make my decision based upon what these places have to offer. New York offers great scenery that I have never laid my eyes upon. Myrtle Beach has great sightseeing also, but I have seen most of what it has to offer. I also wanted to go see a real Broadway show and they don’t have those in Myrtle. My decision is New York City. I want to take in as much of the city as I can. I want to see where the Trade Towers were and I want to see where they will stand again someday. I want to experience some of the things that the New York people experience on a daily basis, which are crowded streets, a great night life, and the chance of possibly running into someone famous. Myrtle Beach vs. New York City Essay -- compare and contrast paper Myrtle Beach vs. New York City   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Picture a beautiful city surrounded by tall skyscrapers soaring into the clouds and the beautiful statue of liberty standing still on the water. You walk down the street passing hundreds of little shops and restaurants, all the while you are taken a back by the breathtaking beauty of the city that you are gazing upon. Now picture laying on the beach at sunset listening to the ocean waves. The air is crisp and the smell of saltwater is bitter sweet. The locations I’m describing are New York City and Myrtle Beach. I have 2500 dollars to take on vacation to one of these destinations and I am comparing and contrasting the two. I will be considering the cost of travel, food, hotel, and also activity and miscellaneous expenses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both locations offer a wide variety of fun. Shopping, sightseeing, dance clubs, and scenery are among both places. To get to New York would take about nine and a half hour’s or approximately 554 miles. My car gets about 40 miles to the gallon and gas prices are about $2.30 a gallon. I would have to fill up twice to get to New York City and twice to get back, which would cost about $120.00. If I stayed for three nights and four days, I would need to set aside another $100.00 dollar’s for gas while traveling the city. If I traveled by plane it would cost $201.00 dollars round trip if tickets were purchased on www.orbitz.com.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hotels in New York City are very costly especially near the holiday’s. After reviewing some hotels that were near Times Square, I chose to go with a three star hotel at the rate of $184.00 a night. For a total of three nights it would cost $552.00 tax included. That cost would include a room with two double beds, television, high speed internet access, a full kitchen, and a great view of Times Square.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a wide variety of restaurants in New York City. You can eat cheap at places like Arturo’s Pizzeria, McHales, Hi Life, and Zen Palate just to name a few. On the other hand you don’t want to miss out on the celebrity owned restaurant’s like Fashion Cafà ©, Planet Hollywood, Tribeca Grill, and Nobu. Since I’m going to be staying for three whole days, we’ll just say that I will eat approximately three meals a day which is a total of nine meals. If I ate four of those meals at twenty dollars or less and the other five at seventy or less, I would need approx... ...maining amount of $800.00 will be set aside for miscellaneous expenses such as extra gas money, or emergency situations’ like having a flat tire. My grand total in Myrtle Beach would also be the whole amount of $2500.00. Both, New York and Myrtle Beach are very alike in costs, but the city’s offer completely different experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Based on all the information I have obtained I now must make my decision on which one of these places I want to go. Since there really is not much of a difference in cost I am going to make my decision based upon what these places have to offer. New York offers great scenery that I have never laid my eyes upon. Myrtle Beach has great sightseeing also, but I have seen most of what it has to offer. I also wanted to go see a real Broadway show and they don’t have those in Myrtle. My decision is New York City. I want to take in as much of the city as I can. I want to see where the Trade Towers were and I want to see where they will stand again someday. I want to experience some of the things that the New York people experience on a daily basis, which are crowded streets, a great night life, and the chance of possibly running into someone famous.

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers fc

Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Lee Frost, was one of America’s leading 20th Century poets, and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Frost did not receive these recognitions until his later years when his poetic brilliance was finally recognized. â€Å"Frost was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and meter†( Waggoner 1). Frost’s brilliance was contributed by many things; including his life, career, and literary works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. Frost is the son of William Prescott Frost and Isabelle Moodie Frost. In 1885, Frost’s father died, so his mother, Isabelle, moved the family to Lawrence, Mass., where she was originally from. There Frost would spent the rest of his childhood years. Frost attended Darthmouth College in Lawrence for less than a year after completing high school. Frost quit Dartmouth to work in a textile mill in Lawrence and to marry a high school classmate, Elinor White. Frost later went on a two-year venture at Harvard, after this academic experience disappointed him shortly after, he returned to Lawrence to obtain a variety of jobs. Frost finally became a chicken farmer in Derry, New Hampshire on property his grandfather had bought for him. Frost began at the Pinkerton Academy in Derry to obtain a dependable cash income (Waggoner 1). Frost wrote poems late at night, and put his farm tasks aside when they became bothersome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 191...

Monks

The basic purpose of monasticism is devotion to spiritual work and abdication from earthly temptations. Monasticism is known in many religions including Christianity. The word â€Å"monk† itself derives from Greek ‘monos’ – alone, so originally monasticism supposed it’s adepts to live alone[1]. Such lonely style of living has been known from the early years of Christianity, but it’s symbol is the figure of Antony the Great – a charismatic leader of the desert monks, who is said to be a founder of Christian monasticism. Antony and his followers completely left the world and devoted their lives to prays and manual work, attempting to reach cleanse their soul and know God[2]. Those â€Å"escapists† became known as anchorites (the word derives from a Greek word meaning â€Å"to withdraw†). Anchorites strived to stay alone with God and their way was a way of individual salvation. Such approach was good for early Christianity, however, with the development of Church as organization and spread of the new religion in Europe it could not satisfy both the Church and it’s numerous believers. So another way called cenobitic monasticism became popular. Saint Pachomius, the father of cenobitism has founded a community where numerous monks (both male and female) lived separately in huts or caves, however they met for prays and to perform common duties. Such from of monasticism allowed to make it more arranged and uniformed as well as to guide and control the monks. Pachomius himself wrote the first statute to govern the life in a monastery[3]. Cenobitism has not rejected the idea of personal mystical insight, it rather allowed to unite the associate-monks around a figure of a prior. So a monastery in cenobitism is a sort of school where knowledge of God is taught. Both cenobitism and anchoritism are united by several universal principles of monasticism such as surrender of all earthly vanity, labor as a part of salvation, individual way of spiritual rebirth, prayers as basic mystical practice, etc. Works Cited: 1.Lawrence, C. H. 2001. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition). New York: Longmans 2. Burns, Paul, ed. Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition January vol. Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press 3.Johnston, William M. (ed.). 2000. Encyclopedia of Monasticism. vol. 2., Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers [1] Lawrence, C. H. 2001. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition). New York: Longmans, p.- 9 [2] Burns, Paul, ed. Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition January vol. Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press, p- 107 [3] Johnston, William M. (ed.). 2000. Encyclopedia of Monasticism. vol. 2., Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, p. – 215 [4] Lawrence, C. H.   (supra note) p.- 45

Left Wing Extremism Essay

Six years back, when on November 4, 2004, the Prime Minister proclaimed Left Wing Extremism as the biggest threat confronting the nation that had to be dealt at ‘war footing’, it had a ring of resolve of a freshly elected government to take the bull by its horns. However, when he repeats the same now, it carries an air of helpless lamentation. The efforts at war footing notwithstanding, during the last six years, the area under Naxal influence has nearly doubled extending to nearly 203 districts in fourteen states. The strength of armed guerrillas has swelled from less than 7,000 then to somewhere around 13,500 now. Left extremists, today, have many more and much sophisticated weapons; (estimated to be nearly 14000 as against 5500 in 2004) and have upgraded their tactics, field craft and skills in handling weapons and explosives manifold. They raise funds nearly to the tune of Rs. 1,200 Crore a year, which in an impoverished area of their dominance is a huge amount to create instability and enables them to pay regular monthly salaries to their armed cadres. Economic conditions of the people have by and large remained unchanged despite sizeable developmental outlays – most of the funds either misused or siphoned off by the corrupt. It would be erroneous to infer that the government took no initiatives both at security and developmental fronts to deal with the situation. However, in terms of results achieved, the efforts made have failed to achieve the expected results. It makes it a case less of error of intention, and more of lack of capability, which in a national security paradigm is a cause of much greater concern. The matter that needs to be pondered over is why a country of India’s Comprehensive National Power is unable to cope with an existentialist threat from an ideology that has been defeated and discredited world over, is unable to counter an offensive by under-resourced and ill trained tribals and despite being world’s biggest democracy is unable to mobilize its civil society in its fight against the extremists, whose agenda is patently anti-national. The first requirement for designing an effective response is to accept the realities as they are and to make a hard assessment of the enemy – his mindset, doctrines, capabilities and goals. One can not win unless one fights and one can not fight till one is able to define the enemy – boldly and bluntly. One major reason why we, as a state, have often gone wrong in our responses and not derived full value out of our efforts and sacrifices is our fear to face the hard realities as they exist, notwithstanding the compelling evidence. What needs to be accepted by all those in power and those who aspire for it is that Left Wing extremism is pure and simple terrorism that fully meets the conventional definition of the term i. e. Use of violence to terrorise people for achieving political objectives’. Their armed struggle is for acquiring and then retaining political power through barrel of the gun and both in theory and practice they have not deviated from this goal. While often advanced causative factors –developmental, social, political etc. – may have ample justifications on their own merit, for Maoists they are only instrumentalities to seize political control. In pursuance of this end, they are prepared to make a common cause with all those who are inclined to give expression to their dissent through violence. They support everything that negates Indian nationhood – may it be the secessionists in J&K, insurgents in North East, radical Islamic groups or armed ethnic groups. In an interview in 2007 Ganapathy, the Secretary General of CPI-Maoists asserted â€Å"We see the Islamic upsurge as a progressive anti-imperialist force in the contemporary world. It is wrong to describe the struggle that is going on in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine, Kashmir, Chechnya as Islamic fundamentalism. Our Party supports the Islamic upsurge†. Commenting on 26/11 massacre of Mumbai, Bimal, Polit Bureau Member was quoted in Hindustan Times that â€Å"We do not support the way they attacked the Victoria station, where most of the victims were Muslims. At the same time, we feel the Islamic upsurge should not be opposed as it is basically anti-US and anti-imperialist in nature. We therefore want it to grow. † Varavara Rao referring to North East insurgencies stated on May 13, 2007 that â€Å"This is a time for all revolutionary, democratic and nationality movements, like the ones in Kashmir and the Northeast to unite, and something will come out of this unity†. They stand against India’s sovereignty, unity, democratic polity and civilisational values and hence will have to be fought and defeated at all planes – ideological, political, and physical. Any dilution in accepting this basic character of the threat will only compound the problem and prolong the national agony. Having settled the goal, the next stage is working out the strategy to achieve it. It is obvious that the policy of ‘blow hot blow cold’ does not work and only betrays the confusion indecisiveness of those in power. It also demoralizes the security personnel. Indecisiveness is a consequence of fear and needs to be shunned. The security apparatus of the country, given the right resources, empowerments and leadership is quite strong and resilient to take on the Left Extremists. They need to be provided best of weapons, vehicles, communication equipment, armoured personnel carriers, night vision devices, portable gen-sets, direction finders etc. There is also an urgent need to improve their living conditions, making safe their work places and keeping their morale high. Most importantly, tactical plans should be well deliberated upon by senior and experienced officers and wherever possible duly rehearsed. It is particularly necessary where central forces have to work along side the local police forces. Maoists are great political analysts who carefully work-out their long term strategy and tactical plans. Maoists in their political estimates assess, and probably with some justification, that the political class in the country, irrespective of the brand names that they carry, are fast losing their legitimacy and credibility. The elected representatives hold their positions more by virtue of legality of the process that catapultes them to power than the moral authority, trust and respect of the people that they claim to represent. The credibility of the governmental apparatus to provide a sense of security and justice to the people, redress their basic grievances, assure development and assure dignity is at a low ebb. Most of the extremist actions analysed in strategic terms are aimed at exploiting this in firmity and indulging in acts will further erode the legitimacy and credibility of the system. Their attacks on police and para-military forces are aimed at demonstrating that the coercive power of the government is a myth as it is even unable to protect itself. Their holding Jan Adalats, imposing fines and dictating terms for talks are calculated to undermine the government’s ability to enforce its writ and authority and gave credibility to their propaganda that government is only a ‘paper tiger’. On the contrary, the state has been able to do little to demolish the contrived self image of the Left Extremists as saviors of the people. The discordant voices within the government and display of confusion and indecisiveness immensely boost their moral. While the far flung tribal areas are in the news because of incidents of violence what is lesser known is their fast spreading influence in urban suburbs, among the trade unions, unemployed youth etc. much beyond the tribal areas. To meet this grave challenge the political class first needs to do a serious introspection and subordinate their party interests if not for the larger national interests than at least for their own self interest. All political parties need to realize that they face an existentialist threat as the political power, the booty of the war, has to be seized from them. This is a classical model of Fourth Generation Warfare-(4GW) – a warfare where the enemy is invisible and the battle is for the control of civil society – through coercion, controlling the hearts and minds of the people or delivering results by redressing grievances of the people. The modern day guru of Fourth Generation Warfare, William Lind aptly observes that, â€Å"If nation states are going to survive, people in power must earn and keep the trust of the governed. Addressing the American Council of Foreign Relations he said â€Å"The heart of Fourth Generation Warfare is a crisis of legitimacy of the state†. How true to the Indian model when he added that, â€Å"The establishment is no longer made up of ‘policy types’- most of its important functionaries are placemen. Their expertise is in becom ing and then remaining members of the establishment. Their reality is covert politics and not the competence or expertise†. When the 4GW will visit them their response would be to â€Å"close the shutters on the windows of Versailles†. Majority of the people in Maoist affected areas and even their supporters and cadres have little to do with Maoism at ideological level. They are only alienated and angered people with real of perceived sense of injustice, oppression and indignity. Maoists are cleverly exploiting this sentiment to their advantage – caste conflicts in Bihar, resentment against landlords in Andhra, discontent against forest laws in tribal areas, unemployment amongst youth and radicalism among Muslims are all given prescription of capture of power through gun as the ultimate solution of all their problems. While the local grievances need to be effectively addressed through improved governance and ruthless accountability, there is also a need for creating mass awareness of the ultimate designs and consequences of what the extremists stand for. Maoist propaganda must also be effectively countered, particularly at the political level. Democratic political parties have plenty of political arguments and facts in their favour to demolish the subversive propaganda of the Left extremists. They also have reach and access upto village levels with intimate social networking that needs to be arnessed. This task cannot be undertaken by the government agencies or the police. Additionally, through a concerted, credible and sustained psy-war offensive contradiction in their ideologies and practices, tales of their brutalities, collaborations with the rich to collect funds, incidents of moral turpitude etc. should be highlighted. The local and national media, think tanks and NGOs operating in the region could be leveraged for the purpose. Some of their front organizations, masquerading as think tanks and NGOs engaged in subversive propaganda also need to be tackled effectively. At tactical level the most important advantage of 4GW warriors is the advantage of invisibility. Only quality operational intelligence can make them visible for counter tactical operations aimed at pre-empting, preventing and punishing the depredators. It is also the only instrumentality through which they can be tactically surprised and their advantage of speed and surprise neutralized. The tendency to raise additional battalions without corresponding accretion in operational intelligence capability creates little pressure on the extremists and only provides them more targets to hit at. State Police forces, with their intimate knowledge of the terrain, language and local people are best equipped to develop ground intelligence. They need to be resourced and trained for intelligence work. Diversion of at least 30% of central modernization grants to state police for intelligence up-gradation should be made mandatory. Money is one of the most important factors helping extremists to acquire weapons and explosives, raise their cadre strength by recruiting youth on regular salaries and carrying out mass mobilization programmes. They are reportedly collecting Rs. 1,600 crore a year, which is a big money for carrying out armed insurrection in an impoverished area. With a determined effort and much lower risk, the governments can take stern actions against business houses paying protection money, transporters paying levies, contractors giving taxes and corrupt government officials sharing the loot from the developmental funds. Most would be willing to cooperate if provided sense of security and protection which can be achieved at a much lesser cost. There is no doubt that this menace ultimately will be contained and countered. A finely chiseled strategic response is required only to minimize its cost to the nation in terms of valuable lives lost, growth and development stalled and innocent people falling prey to malicious propaganda of the extremists. The civil society and opinion builders have a vital role to play in this. They should create right pressures on the politicians and create broad spectrum awareness among the people to help bring about a convergence in national response.